ISO 14064 -Certification, Consulting on Assessment and Verification of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory Reports according to ISO 14064. Assessment and Verification of Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reports in accordance with recognized International standard

ISO 14064 -Certification, Consulting on Assessment and Verification of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory Reports according to ISO 14064. Assessment and Verification of Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reports in accordance with recognized International standard
Legal basis for preparing GHG inventory reports:
1. According to Section 7, Article 91, Law on Environmental Protection 2020, it is stipulated as follows:
“Greenhouse gas emission facilities on the list required to conduct greenhouse gas inventories are responsible for the following:
a) Organizing the implementation of greenhouse gas inventories, building and maintaining a greenhouse gas emission database system and sending the results of the greenhouse gas inventory every 2 years to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment before December 1 of the reporting period for synthesis and reporting to the Prime Minister;
b) Developing and implementing annual greenhouse gas emission reduction plans; integrating greenhouse gas emission reduction activities with the quality management program, cleaner production program, and environmental protection program of the facility;
c) Annually, prepare a report on greenhouse gas emission reduction levels to implement the facility's greenhouse gas emission reduction plan according to the measurement, reporting and appraisal system and send it to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and relevant Ministries, ministerial-level agencies and provincial People's Committees before December 31 of the reporting period.
2. According to Article 6, Decree 06/2022/ND-CP stipulates the development and updating of the list of sectors and facilities that must conduct greenhouse gas inventories, including:
Greenhouse gas emitting facilities that must conduct greenhouse gas inventories are facilities with annual greenhouse gas emissions of 3,000 tons of CO2 equivalent or more or in one of the following cases:
a) Thermal power plants, industrial production facilities with total annual energy consumption of 1,000 tons of oil equivalent (TOE) or more;
b) Freight transport companies with total annual fuel consumption of 1,000 TOE or more;
c) Commercial buildings with total annual energy consumption of 1,000 TOE or more;
d) Solid waste treatment facilities with annual operating capacity of 65,000 tons or more.
3. Decision No. 01/2022/QD-TTg promulgating the list of sectors and facilities emitting greenhouse gases that must conduct greenhouse gas inventories.
Accordingly, there are six sectors that must conduct greenhouse gas inventories, including: energy, transportation, construction, industrial processes, agriculture and forestry, and land use, and waste. These are:
Greenhouse gas emitting facilities that must conduct greenhouse gas inventories are facilities with annual greenhouse gas emissions of 3,000 tons of CO2 equivalent or more or in one of the following cases:
a) Thermal power plants, industrial production facilities with total annual energy consumption of 1,000 tons of oil equivalent (TOE) or more;
b) Freight transport companies with total annual fuel consumption of 1,000 TOE or more;
c) Commercial buildings with total annual energy consumption of 1,000 TOE or more;
d) Solid waste treatment facilities with annual operating capacity of 65,000 tons or more.
What are GHGs?
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHGs) trap heat in the atmosphere and cause the Earth to warm. Human activities and productive organizations and businesses are responsible for most of the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases over the past 150 years. The largest source of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities is the burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and transportation. The EPA tracks total U.S. emissions through its greenhouse gas inventory. This annual report estimates the total national greenhouse gas emissions and removals associated with human activities across the Planet by source, gas, and economic sector.
What are the major sources and sinks of greenhouse gases in each economic sector?
1. Transport
– GHG emissions from transport come primarily from the burning of fossil fuels for cars, trucks, ships, trains and planes. Over 94% of the fuel used for transport is petroleum, mainly gasoline and diesel, and results in direct emissions.2 The transport sector is the largest direct source of GHG emissions and the second largest when indirect emissions from final electricity use are allocated by sector. The transport sector is a final electricity user but currently accounts for a relatively small proportion of total electricity use. Indirect emissions from electricity are less than 1% of direct emissions.
2. Electricity generation
– Electric power includes emissions from the production of electricity used by other end-use sectors (e.g. industry). By 2022, 60% of our electricity will come from burning fossil fuels, primarily coal and natural gas.
3. Industrial Production
– Greenhouse gas emissions from industrial production processes come primarily from the burning of fossil fuels for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from certain chemical reactions required to manufacture goods from raw materials. Industrial emissions are the third largest source of direct emissions. If indirect emissions from electricity use are allocated to the industrial end-use sector (e.g., powering buildings and industrial equipment), then industrial activities account for a much larger share of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions than shown above.
4. Commercial and Residential
– Commercial and residential GHG emissions come from fossil fuels burned for heat and gas used for refrigeration and cooling in buildings, as well as specific emissions outside the building sector such as waste disposal. Commercial and residential emissions increase significantly when indirect emissions from end-use electricity are included, largely because buildings account for 75% of the electricity generated in the United States (e.g., heating, ventilation, and air conditioning; lighting; appliances and outlets).4 When emissions from electricity use are distributed to commercial and residential end-uses, commercial and residential activities account for a much larger share of U.S. GHG emissions as shown above.
5. Agriculture
– Agricultural GHG emissions come from livestock such as cattle, farmland, and rice production. Indirect emissions from electricity use in agricultural activities (e.g., powering buildings and equipment) account for about 5% of direct emissions.
6. Land Use and Forestry
– Although not shown in the figure, land can act as a sink (absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere) or a source of greenhouse gas emissions. In the United States, since 1990, forests and other managed lands have been net sinks, meaning they have absorbed more CO2 from the atmosphere than they have emitted, offsetting 13% of total greenhouse gas emissions.
The process of developing a GHG inventory involves four main steps (see Figure 1):
1. Review audit standards and methodologies, define organizational and operational boundaries, and select a base year.
2. Collect data and quantify greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Develop a GHG Inventory Management Plan to formalize data collection processes. 4. Set GHG emission reduction targets, monitor and report progress.

Organizations are encouraged to consult the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard for basic guidance on GHG accounting principles, defining inventory boundaries, identifying GHG sources, defining and adjusting the inventory base year, and tracking emissions over time. As a resource center for measuring and managing GHGs, the EPA Corporate Climate Leadership Center has developed GHG inventory resources to complement the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard, which provides specific guidance on GHG accounting methods and emission factors.
Organizations requesting a GHG verification assessment should ensure that they have a GHG management system that clearly defines the organization's boundaries and scope of operations, including documented procedures for identifying and managing GHG sources, assessing risks, and GHG accounting methods to ensure that reporting is reliable and accurate.
Customers who need more information and want to build and implement a greenhouse gas management system that is qualified for assessment and verification to meet international standards, please contact:

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